China and the United States are neck-and-neck in a technology race that could define the future of the economy.

That’s the premise of venture capitalist and former Google executive Kai-Fu Lee’s forthcoming book, AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley and the New World Order, which argues that China is rapidly gaining on the U.S. in artificial intelligence implementation and could take a wide lead in the next half-decade. While the U.S. will likely continue to dominate in AI research and its more advanced applications for the foreseeable future, China’s cultural acceptance of surveillance and data collection and abundance of young engineers are fueling breakneck growth in less sophisticated uses, like face and speech recognition and online algorithms, Lee says.

Lee spoke with Adweek about the geopolitics of AI, the importance of data in China’s rising global position and the differences in the AI talent available in each country.

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