Artificial intelligence requires us to draft a social contract with our technology, said Rana El Kaliouby, co-founder and CEO of emotion AI company Affectiva, who presented on emotion and AI at Fortune’s Brainstorm Reinvent conference in Chicago on Monday. We’ve got to trust it, she explained.

To build that trust between humans and technology, El Kaliouby said that empathy is key. In other words, machines have to understand the humans using them. When an Amazon Alexa doesn’t understand its owner’s request, it becomes quite frustrating to the user. El Kaliouby thinks that consumer frustration boils down to Alexa’s lack of empathy.

But, she asked the audience, “What if a computer could tell the difference between a smile and a smirk?”

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