The most celebrated molecule in biology - the DNA double helix - might owe its shape to a mysterious quantum property called entanglement.
In recent years, animals have been shown to use quantum processes to their advantage. For example, some birds' eyes use quantum trickery to "see" the Earth's magnetic field, and light-harvesting molecules in algae and bacteria rely on quantum processes to transfer energy efficiently. Now it seems the blueprint of life could also owe its functioning to such phenomena.
DNA consists of two strands, each made of a chain of nucleotides, or bases. The bases in each strand link up like the rungs of a ladder, with each rung called a base pair, and the whole thing is twisted into a double helix. The helical shape is vital to DNA's stability, as it prevents it from disintegrating inside a cell.
To see if quantum processes play a role in determining the shape of DNA, Elisabeth Rieper of the National University of Singapore and colleagues modelled each base pair as a cloud of electrons that oscillates around a positively charged nucleus. The team found that quantum entanglement between these clouds helped DNA to maintain its helical structure.
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