In a new study, Stanford researchers demonstrate how to manipulate atoms so they interact with an unprecedented degree of control. Using precisely delivered light and magnetic fields, the researchers programmed a straight line of atoms into treelike shapes, a twisted loop called a Möbius strip and other patterns.

These shapes were produced not by physically moving the atoms, but by controlling the way atoms exchange particles and "sync up" to share certain properties. By carefully manipulating these interactions, researchers can generate a vast range of geometries. Importantly, they found that atoms at the far ends of the straight line could be programmed to interact just as strongly as the atoms located right next to each other at the center of the line. To the researchers' knowledge, the ability to program nonlocal interactions to this degree, irrespective of the atoms' actual spatial locations, had never been demonstrated before.

The findings could prove a key step forward in the development of advanced technologies for computation and simulation based on the laws of quantum mechanics—the mathematical description of how particles move and interact on the atomic scale.

"In this paper, we've demonstrated a whole new level of control over the programmability of interactions in a quantum mechanical system," said study senior author Monika Schleier-Smith, the Nina C. Crocker Faculty Scholar and associate professor in the Department of Physics in Stanford's School of Humanities and Sciences. "It's an important milestone that we've long been working towards, while at the same time it's a starting point for new opportunities."

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