“Modern metabolism has a precursor, a template, that was non-biological,” says biochemist Greg Springsteen at Furman University.

"Rerun the tape of evolution, and DNA, RNA, ATP, the Krebs cycle — the rigmarole of Biology 101 — would probably arise again in distant worlds.”

Biologist Charles Cockell at the The University of Edinburgh and author of The Physics of Life, said that rerun the tape of evolution, and DNA, RNA, ATP, “the Krebs cycle — the rigmarole of Biology 101 — would probably arise again in distant worlds. Single cells would then join together, seeking the advantages of metazoan life, until before you know it something like the earthly menagerie would come to be.”

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