Life most likely started during the Hadean Eon (4.5 to 4 billion years ago). However, the environmental conditions which contributed to the complexity of its chemistry are poorly known. A better understanding of various environmental conditions, including global and local, along with the internal dynamic conditions of the early Earth, are required to understand the origin of life. In new research, scientists examined the contributions of galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles associated with superflares from the young Sun to the formation of amino acids and carboxylic acids in weakly reduced gas mixtures representing the early Earth’s atmosphere.

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