When I began my undergraduate physics degree (around 20 years ago), “What is the theory of everything?” was a question that I heard often. It was used as a label for how theoretical physicists were trying to develop a deeper understanding of the elementary building blocks of our universe and the forces that govern their dynamics.

But is it a good question? Is it helpful in guiding scientists towards the discoveries that will advance our understanding to the next level? After all, good science relies on asking good questions. Or is it just “wishful thinking”?

Arguably, the question “What is the theory of everything?” reminds us that good science doesn’t have to start with the best questions. Let me explain what I mean.

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