Space radiation is ubiquitous outside the protective bubble of Earth’s magnetic field. Whether the radiation is emitted from solar energetic particles or cosmic rays streaming through the galaxy, it can damage human cells enough to cause health problems, including acute radiation syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and even a higher incidence of various cancers. NASA’s Artemis mission aims to bring astronauts to the Moon and eventually have them stay for possibly months, far longer than the 80 hours combined that Apollo astronauts spent on the lunar surface.

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