All of today’s quantum computers are prone to errors. These errors may be due to imperfect hardware and control systems, or they may arise from the inherent fragility of the quantum bits, or qubits, used to perform quantum operations. But whatever their source, they are a real problem for anyone seeking to develop commercial applications for quantum computing. Although noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines are valuable for scientific discovery, no-one has yet identified a commercial NISQ application that brings value beyond what is possible with classical hardware. Worse, there is no immediate theoretical argument that any such applications exist.
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