Everyone dies, but what actually transpires during that process is a deep mystery that scientists are only beginning to seriously investigate. Increasingly, near-death experiences, or NDEs, are part of that growing field.

An incredible 5 to 10 percent of the general population reports memories of an NDE. Oftentimes, people’s recollections are similar: perceiving separation from the body and viewing it from above, passing through a tunnel and seeing a light, encountering deceased loved ones or compassionate entities and being overcome by ineffable wisdom and a feeling of profound peacefulness. Many people describe these memories in crisp detail and say that they felt “more real than real.”

 How a person’s faltering consciousness produces such fantastical experiences is unknown. But scientists have been piecing together hypotheses, constructed from interviews with survivors, studies in animals and experiments in which people were given certain psychedelic drugs. Now one of the preeminent research groups investigating NDEs has published what it describes as the first comprehensive neuroscientific model for the phenomena.

“We found a very robust explanation for the generation of such a rich experience while a person is really in crisis,” says Charlotte Martial, a neuroscientist at the University of Liège in Belgium and co-lead author of the findings, published this week in Nature Reviews Neurology.

Martial and her colleagues’ model lays out a step-by-step hypothesis for the conditions that give rise to NDEs. They also propose an evolutionary theory for why these experiences occur.

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