“The longer you can look back, the farther you can look forward”  – Winston Churchill1

The historical record of artificial intelligence shows that AI superintelligence won’t happen. Every major advance in AI has followed the introduction of a new computational model, learning paradigm, or algorithm conceived by human beings. From the  early neural networks to large language models to agentic AI, the breakthroughs have come from human creativity. Computers have served as powerful tools for implementing these innovations, but they did not invent them.

Here is history in a nutshell outlining how we got to where we are today.  

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